The former player: 'I hoped to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This article contains details of racially offensive comments and conduct
Ex-England centre Luther Burrell states that speaking out to reveal racial discrimination in rugby union brought his professional journey to an early end.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what happened," he told media outlets.
"I really wanted to carry on playing, of course I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when word emerged that there were investigations going on.
"This situation was challenging - I had to just come to terms with the fate and understand that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body report in 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "on the balance of probability", but said it could not gather enough evidence to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly excluded for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to media he also faced prejudice within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Some discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've myself experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a extended period you just learn to believe that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was eventually spurred to go public after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the elite game and to the implementation of an strategy for the professional game."
"The organization has placed considerable focus on inclusion and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work undertaken both prior and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"We are continuing work with clubs and partners in the elite level to work for a environment of inclusivity but recognize this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has face-to-face education on building welcoming environments, with its success monitored via specific documentation and feedback.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to step in and protect others from damaging behaviour.
"You be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this impact on you and ended your career, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff died soon after the production of the film, and his sister died earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the sport more accessible.
His charitable organization aims to reach children in under-served communities and support them succeed on and off the pitch with free sports training, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My motivations are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if nobody else is prepared to tell their experience then I'll continue to advocate for that cause because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more confident fellow players will feel about sharing their own experiences as well.
"I grab the challenge by the opportunity and continue carrying this flag and keep supporting this weight and do what I can to create opportunities and make the sport more appealing and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely think that rugby has the potential to transform their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in late 2022